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1 кам'яна конструкція
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2 каменная конструкция
Russian-English dictionary of construction > каменная конструкция
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3 каменная конструкция
masonry structure, masonry constructionРусско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > каменная конструкция
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4 каменная конструкция
masonry structure строит.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > каменная конструкция
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5 каменная конструкция
1) Engineering: masonry construction2) Construction: masonry conduit, masonry structureУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > каменная конструкция
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6 армокаменная конструкция
1) Engineering: reinforced brickwork2) Construction: reinforced masonry, reinforced masonry structureУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > армокаменная конструкция
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7 армокаменная конструкция
reinforced masonry structure, reinforced masonry constructionРусско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > армокаменная конструкция
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8 каменное сооружение
1) Engineering: masonry structure2) Construction: stone structureУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > каменное сооружение
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9 murverkskonstruksjon
subst. masonry structure -
10 gemauertes Bauwerk
Deutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > gemauertes Bauwerk
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11 Mauerwerksbau
Mauerwerksbau m masonry structureDeutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > Mauerwerksbau
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12 بناء
n. building, constructing, erection, make, mason, masonry, structure -
13 muratura
f brickwork* * *muratura s.f.1 ( il murare) walling2 ( opera muraria) masonry: muratura a opera incerta, stonework; muratura di mattoni, brickwork; muratura di sostegno, breast wall; muratura in calcestruzzo, concrete masonry; ponte in muratura, masonry (o stone) bridge.* * *[mura'tura]sostantivo femminile (lavoro, opera) masonry-work; (di mattoni) brickwork* * *muratura/mura'tura/sostantivo f.(lavoro, opera) masonry-work; (di mattoni) brickwork; lavori di muratura building work; costruzione in muratura permanent structure. -
14 Mauerwerk
n* * *das Mauerwerkmasonry* * *Mau|er|werknt1) (= Steinmauer) stonework, masonry; (= Ziegelmauer) brickworkein mittelalterliches Máúerwerk — a medieval stone structure
2) (= die Mauern) walls pl* * *Mau·er·werk2. (Steinmauer) stonework* * *2) (Mauern) walls pl* * ** * *1) (aus Stein) stonework; masonry; (aus Ziegeln) brickwork2) (Mauern) walls pl* * *n.brickwork n.masonry n. -
15 Turner, Richard
[br]b. 1798 probably Dublin, Ireland d. 1881[br]Irish engineer offerrovitreous structures such as glasshouses and roofs of railway terminus buildings. Lime Street Station, Liverpool, erected 1849–50, was a notable example of the latter.[br]Turner's first glasshouse commission was for the Palm House at the Botanic Gardens in Belfast, begun in 1839; this structure was designed by Charles Lanyon, Turner being responsible for the ironwork construction. The Belfast Palm House was followed in 1843 by the Palm House for the Royal Dublin Society, but the structure for which Turner is best known is the famous Palm House in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew Gardens in London. This was originally designed in 1844 by the architect Decimus Burton, but his concept was rejected and Turner was asked to design a new one. Burton tried again, basing his new design upon that of Turner but also incorporating features that made it more similar to the famous Great Conservatory by Paxton at Chatsworth. Finally, Turner was contracted to build the Palm Stove in collaboration with Burton. Completed in 1848, the Kew Palm House is the finest example of the glasshouses of that era. This remarkable structure is simple but impressive: it is 362 ft (110 m) long and is covered by 45,000 ft2 (4,180 m2) of greenish glass. Inside, in the central taller part, a decorative, cast-iron, spiral staircase gives access to an upper gallery, from where tall plants may be clearly viewed; the roof rises to 62 ft (19 m). The curving, glazed panels, set in ribs of wrought iron, rise from a low masonry wall. The ingenious method of construction of these ribs was patented by Turner in 1846. It consists of wrought-iron tie rods inserted into hollow cast-iron tubes; these can be tightened after the erection of the building is complete, so producing a stable, balanced structure not unlike the concept of a timber-trussed roof. The Palm Stove has only recently undergone extensive adaptation to modern needs.[br]Further ReadingJ.Hix, 1974, The Glass House, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, pp. 122–7 (the Palm House at Kew).U.Kulturmann, 1979, Architecture and Urbanism, Tokyo, pp. 76–81 (the Palm House at Kew).DY -
16 بناء
بِنَاء \ constitution: the way in which sth. is made up. construction: the act of building; sth. constructed: The construction of an aeroplane is complicated. Is this tall construction a radio station?. erection: sth. which is erected; the act of erecting: The erection of the tents took half an hour. structure: sth. that is built; a regular or clearly defined framework: The bridge was a solid structure of steel and woodwork. The structure of a sentence is formed by grouping words in certain ways. \ بِنَاء (لاستعمال خاص) \ house: (esp. in compounds) a building for a special purpose: greenhouse; lighthouse; storehouse. \ See Also دار \ بِنَاء حَجَرِيّ \ masonry: stonework, as part of a building. stonework: decorative stone that is built into a wall, etc.. \ بِنَاءُ الآجُرّ أو القرْمِيد \ brickwork: the brick part of a structure. \ بِنَاءً على ذلك \ consequently: as a result. -
17 ouvrage
ouvrage [uvʀaʒ]masculine nouna. ( = œuvre) work ; ( = livre) bookb. ( = travail) se mettre à l'ouvrage to set to work* * *uvʀaʒnom masculin1) ( travail) work3) (produit par un artisan, un ouvrier, un couturière) piece of work••mettre or avoir du cœur à l'ouvrage — to work with a will
* * *uvʀaʒ nm1) (= travail) work no pl2) (= construction) work no pl3) COUTURE, TRICOT work, piece of workpanier à ouvrage; corbeille à ouvrage — work basket
4) ART (= objet) work, piece of work5) (= livre) work* * *A nm1 ( travail) work; se mettre à l'ouvrage to get down to work; se tuer à l'ouvrage to work oneself to death; ouvrage du temps work of time;2 ( livre) book, work; ( œuvre) work; ouvrage de référence reference book, work of reference; ouvrage collectif joint publication;4 (produit par un artisan, un ouvrier) piece of work; ouvrage d'ébénisterie/de mosaïque piece of cabinet work/of mosaic work; ouvrage de marqueterie piece of marquetry.ouvrage d'art Gén Civ civil engineering structure; ouvrage de maçonnerie ( en briques) brickwork; ( en pierres) stonework, masonry; ouvrage militaire fortification; ouvrage de soutènement retaining work.mettre or avoir du cœur à l'ouvrage to work with a will; ne pas avoir le cœur à l'ouvrage not to have one's heart in one's work.[uvraʒ] nom masculin1. [travail] workse mettre à l'ouvrage to get down to work, to start work2. [œuvre] (piece of) work3. [livre] book————————[uvraʒ] nom féminin(soutenu & humoristique) -
18 Rondelet, Jean-Baptiste
[br]b. 1734 Lyons, France d. 1829[br]French architect particularly interested in the scientific and mathematical basis of architectural structure, and who at an early date introduced reinforced concrete into supporting piers in his buildings.[br]From 1795 Rondelet was Professor at the Ecole Centrale des Travaux Publics and while there was responsible for a major treatise on building construction: this was his Traité théorique et pratique de l'art de bâtir, published in four volumes in 1802–17. From 1806 he taught at the Ecole Spéciale d'Architecture, which was soon afterwards merged with the Ecole Polytechnique. It was when Rondelet took over the work of com-pleting the Panthéon in Paris, after the death of Jacques-Germain Soufflot, that he had the opportunity of putting some of his particular structural ideas into practice. In 1755 the King had appointed Soufflot architect of the great new church to be dedicated to the patron saint of the city, Sainte Geneviève. In this neo-classical structure based upon Greek cross plan, Soufflot intended four slender piers, each encased in three engaged columns, to support the pendentives for the dome to rise over the crossing. It was a fine and elegant building on a large scale, but by the early nineteenth century, when the church had become a pantheon, cracks were appearing in the masonry. When Rondelet succeeded as architect after Soufflot's death, he strengthened and enlarged the piers, employing a faced concrete structure reinforced with metal. He used a metalreinforced mortar with rubble aggregate.[br]BibliographyAn article by Rondelet appears in: 1989, Le Panthéon: Symbole des Révolutions, pp. 308–10 (book of the Exhibition at the Hôtel de Sully, Paris), ed. Picard, Caisse Nationale des Monuments Historiques et des Sites en France.Further ReadingM.N.Mathuset-Bandouin, 1980, "Biographie de Jean Rondelet", Soufflot et son temps, Caisse Nationale des Monuments Historiques et des Sites en France, 155ö7.DYBiographical history of technology > Rondelet, Jean-Baptiste
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19 strūctūra
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20 Brunelleschi, Filippo
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 1377 Florence, Italyd. 15 April 1446 Florence, Italy[br]Italian artist, craftsman and architect who introduced the Italian Renaissance style of classical architecture in the fifteenth century.[br]Brunelleschi was a true "Renaissance Man" in that he excelled in several disciplines, as did most artists of the Italian Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. He was a goldsmith and sculptor; fifteenth-century writers acknowledge him as the first to study and demonstrate the principles of perspective, and he clearly possessed a deep mathematical understanding of the principles of architectural structure.Brunelleschi's Foundling Hospital in Florence, begun in 1419, is accepted as the first Renaissance building, one whose architectural style is based upon a blend of the classical principles and decoration of Ancient Rome and those of the Tuscan Romanesque. Brunelleschi went on to design a number of important Renaissance structures in Florence, such as the basilicas of San Lorenzo and Santo Spirito, the Pazzi Chapel at Santa Croce, and the unfinished church of Santa Maria degli Angeli.However, the artistic and technical feat for which Brunelleschi is most famed is the completion of Florence Cathedral by constructing a dome above the octagonal drum which had been completed in 1412. The building of this dome presented what appeared to be at the time insuperable problems, which had caused previous cathedral architects to shy away from tackling it. The drum was nearly 140 ft (43 m) in diameter and its base was 180 ft (55 m) above floor level: no wooden centering was possible because no trees long enough to span the gap could be found, and even if they had been available, the weight of such a massive framework would have broken centering beneath. In addition, the drum had no external abutment, so the weight of the dome must exert excessive lateral thrust. Aesthetically, the ideal Renaissance dome, like the Roman dome before it (for example, the Pantheon) was a hemisphere, but in the case of the Florence Cathedral such a structure would have been unsafe, so Brunelleschi created a pointed dome that would create less thrust laterally. He constructed eight major ribs of stone and, between them, sixteen minor ones, using a light infilling. He constructed a double-shell dome, which was the first of this type but is a design that has been followed by nearly all major architects since this date (for example Michelangelo's Saint Peter's in Rome, and Wren's Saint Paul's in London). Further strength is given by a herringbone pattern of masonry and brick infilling, and by tension chains of massive blocks, fastened with iron and with iron chains above, girding the dome at three levels. A large lantern finally stops the 50 ft (15.25 m) diameter eye at the point of the dome. Construction of the Florence Cathedral dome was begun on 7 August 1420 and was completed to the base of the lantern sixteen years later. It survives as the peak of Brunelleschi's Renaissance achievement.[br]Further ReadingPeter Murray, 1963, The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance, Batsford, Ch. 2. Howard Saalman, 1980, Filippo Brunelleschi: The Cupola of Santa Maria del Fiore, Zwemmer.Piero Sanpaolesi, 1977, La Cupola di Santa Maria del Fiore: Il Progetto: La Costruzione, Florence: Edam.Eugenio Battisti, 1981, Brunelleschi: The Complete Work, Thames and Hudson.DY
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